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The term scorpionate ligand refers to a tridentate ligand which would bind to a metal in a ''fac'' manner. The most popular class of scorpionates are the hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borates or Tp ligands. These were also the first to become popular. These ligands first appeared in journals in 1966 from the then little-known DuPont chemist of Ukrainian descent, Swiatoslaw Trofimenko. Trofimenko called this discovery "a new and fertile field of remarkable scope".〔S. Trofimenko, Scorpionates: Polypyrazolylborate Ligands and Their Coordination Chemistry. World Scientific Publishing Company, 1999.〕〔Chemical & Engineering News, Aug. 28 1967, pg. 72.〕 The term scorpionate comes from the fact that the ligand can bind a metal with two donor sites like the pincers of a scorpion; the third and final donor site reaches over the plane formed by the metal and the other two donor atoms to bind to the metal. The binding can be thought of as being like a scorpion grabbing the metal with two pincers before stinging it. While many scorpionate ligands are of the Tp class, many other scorpionate ligands are known. For example the Tm and tripodal phosphine classes have an equally good claim to be scorpionate ligands. Many of the scorpionate ligands have a central boron atom which bears a total of four groups, but it is possible to create ligands which use other central atoms. == Homoscorpionates vs. Heteroscorpionates == Trofimenko's initial work in the field was with the homoscorpionates where three pyrazolyl groups are attached to a boron. Since this work a range of ligands have been reported where more than one type of metal binding group is attached to the central atom; these are the heteroscorpionates. Many other chemists continue to explore the possibilities of scorpionate ligand alternatives, such as: *utilizing pyrrole, imidazole, or indole compounds in place of the pyrazole rings²; *the possibility of tripodal heptadentate ligands such as N4O3 from the ligand tris()amine³; *Sulfur donor groups such as those found in the Tm ligand or oxygen donor groups.〔(A Family of Dioxo−Molybdenum(VI) Complexes of N2X Heteroscorpionate Ligands of Relevance to Molybdoenzymes, (2004), Inorganic Chemistry )〕 *changing the ligands to alter the type of molecular encapsulation needed to metals; *for very different applications, "heteroscorpionate ligands" have been examined of hybrid scorpionate/cyclopentadienyl-lithium compounds such as (pyrazol-1-yl)1,1-diphenylethylcyclopentadienyl(THF) ) which catalyzes olefin polymerization. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「scorpionate ligand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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